Esthetics

Lesions: A mark on the skin that may indicate an injury or damage that changes the structure of tissues or organs. 

Primary lesions: lesions that are a different color than the color of the skin or lesions that are raised above the surface of the skin.

Secondary skin lesions: piles of material on the skin surface such as a crust or scab or by depressions in the skin surface, such as an ulcer

Sebaceous (oil) Gland disorders

Blackhead or Open Comedo: hair follicle filled with keratin and sebum.

Closed Comedo or whitehead: small bump just under the skins surface.

Milia: benign, keratin-filled cyst that appear just under the epidermis and have no visible opening.

Acne (acne vulgaris): skin disorder characterized by chronic inflammation of the sebaceous glands from retained secretions and bacteria known as propionibacterium acnes.

• Retention Hyperkeratosis: occurs when keratinocytes or skin cells of the follicle become cohesive and don't shed normally on the surface of the skin. This abnormal shedding of the skin leads to the formation of a microcomedone under the skin 8 weeks before the acne lesion being visible on the skin surface.

sebaceous cyst: common noncancerous cysts of the skin. Cysts are abnormalities in the body that may contain liquid or semiliquid material. Sebaceous cysts are mostly found on the face, neck, or torso. They grow slowly and aren't life-threatening, but they may become uncomfortable if they go unchecked.

seborrheic dermatitis: a common skin disease that causes an itchy rash with flaky scales. It causes redness on light skin and light patches on darker skin. It's also called dandruff, cradle cap, seborrhea, seborrheic eczema, and seborrheic psoriasis.

Rosacea: a common skin condition that causes redness and visible blood vessels in your face. It may also produce small, red, pus-filled bumps. These signs and symptoms may flare up for weeks to months and then go away for a while.

Telangiectasis: a condition in which widened venules (tiny blood vessels) cause threadlike red lines or patterns on the skin. These patterns, or telangiectases, form gradually and often in clusters. They're sometimes known as “spider veins” because of their fine and weblike appearance.

Disorders of the Sudoriferous Glands

Anhidrosis: occurs when your sweat glands don't function properly, either as a result of a condition you're born with (congenital condition) or one that affects your nerves or skin. Dehydration also can cause anhidrosis.

Bromhidrosis: is foul-smelling body odor related to your sweat. Perspiration itself actually has no odor. It's only when sweat encounters bacteria on the skin that a smell can emerge. Other than body odor (BO), bromhidrosis is also known by other clinical terms, including osmidrosis and bromidrosis.

Hyperhidrosis: is abnormally excessive sweating that's not necessarily related to heat or exercise. You may sweat so much that it soaks through your clothes or drips off your hands. Besides disrupting normal daily activities, this type of heavy sweating can cause social anxiety and embarrassment.

Milaria rubra: Heat rash, also known as prickly heat, is a rash of small red bumps caused by blockage of the sweat glands. It can be due to high fever, excessive sweating, or being over-bundled. It is commonly seen in hot, humid tropical climates.

Inflammations

Conjunctivitis: Pink eye (conjunctivitis) is an inflammation or infection of the transparent membrane (conjunctiva) that lines your eyelid and covers the white part of your eyeball. When small blood vessels in the conjunctiva become inflamed, they're more visible. This is what causes the whites of your eyes to appear reddish or pink.

Dermatitis: Dermatitis simply means skin inflammation, but it embraces a range of ailments. In most people, the early stages of dermatitis are characterized by red, dry, and itchy skin. More serious dermatitis may result in crusty scales, painful cracks, or blisters that ooze fluid.

Eczema: Atopic dermatitis (eczema) is a condition that makes your skin red and itchy. It's common in children but can occur at any age. Atopic dermatitis is long lasting (chronic) and tends to flare periodically.

Herpes simplex I: common virus that can cause a rash of blistering sores on the skin. These tend to develop around the mouth or genitals but can appear almost anywhere on the body. 

Impetigo: a common and highly contagious skin infection that mainly affects infants and children. Impetigo usually appears as red sores on the face, especially around a child's nose and mouth, and on hands and feet. The sores burst and develop honey-colored crusts.

Psoriasis: a skin disorder that causes skin cells to multiply up to 10 times faster than normal. This makes the skin build up into bumpy red patches covered with white scales. They can grow anywhere, but most appear on the scalp, elbows, knees, and lower back. 

Pigmentation Disorders

dyschromias: a condition marked by an alteration of color on the skin, hair or nails.

Hyperpigmentation: a medical term used to describe darker patches of skin. These patches result from excess melanin production, which can be caused by everything from acne scars and sun damage to hormone fluctuations.

Hypopigmentation: refers to patches of skin that are lighter than your overall skin tone. Your skin's pigmentation, or color, is based on the production of a substance called melanin. If your skin cells don't produce enough melanin, the skin can lighten. These effects can occur in spots or may cover your entire body.

Albinism: a rare group of genetic disorders that cause the skin, hair, or eyes to have little or no color. 

Chloasma: a common skin condition among pregnant women. It usually presents as dark, brownish patches of skin, mostly on the forehead, nose, upper lip, and cheeks.

Lentigines: or liver spots, are benign lesions that occur on the sun-exposed areas of the body. The backs of hands and face are common areas. The lesions tend to increase in number with age, making them common among the middle age and older population. They can vary in size from 0.2 to 2 cm.

Leukoderna: is the name given to white patches on the skin. These patches are due to the partial or total loss of skin pigmentation or depigmentation.

Nevus: a birthmark or a mole on the skin, especially a birthmark in the form of a raised red patch.

Stain: an abnormal brown-colored or wine-colored skin discoloration with a circular or irregular shape.

Tan: change in pigmentation of the skin caused by exposure to sun or ultraviolet light.

Vitiligo: a condition in which the skin loses its pigment cells (melanocytes). This can result in discolored patches in different areas of the body, including the skin, hair and mucous membranes. 

Hypertrophies of the skin

Hypertrophy: abnormal growth of the skin.

Kertoma: acquired, superficial, thickened patch of epidermis

• Callus: caused by continued repeated pressure or friction on any part of the skin, and the thickening grows inward also known as a corn.

Mole: small brownish spot or blemish that occur when cells in the skin grow in a cluster instead of being spread throughout the skin. 

Skin tag: are painless, noncancerous growths on the skin.

Verruca: a contagious and usually painful wart on the sole of the foot; a plantar wart.  a wart of any kind.

Contact dermatitis: An inflammation of the skin caused by having contact with certain chemicals or substances; many of these substances are used in cosmetology.

Allergic contact dermatitis: abbreviated ACD; an allergy to an ingredient or a chemical, usually caused by repeated skin contact with the chemical.

Sensitization: Allergic reaction created by repeated exposure to a chemical or substance

irritant contact dermatitis: Abbreviated ICD; Occurs when irritating substance temporarily damages the epidermis.

Skin Cancer

Basal Cell Carcinoma: the most common form of skin cancer and the most frequently occurring form of all cancers. These cancers are most often found in areas exposed to the sun, such as the head, neck, and arms.

Squamous Cell Carcinoma: second most common form of skin cancer, characterized by abnormal, accelerated growth of squamous cells

Malignant Melanoma: a type of skin cancer that develops from the pigment-producing cells known as melanocytes