Barbering

Chemistry for Barbering

Chemistry is the science that deals with the composition, structure, and properties of matter and how matter changes under different chemical conditions.

• Organic Chemistry: the study of substances that contain the element carbon; all living things are made of compounds that contain carbon. applies to all livingthings as well as those things that were once alive.
• Inorganic chemistry: the study of substances that do not contain carbon but may contain hydrogen. Metals, minerals, water, air, and ammonia.

Matter is defined as anything that occupies space and has mass. States of matter include solid, liquid, and gas.

• Elements: simplest form of chemical matter and contains one type of atom. Matter is made up of elements that have their own unique physical and chemical properties. Each element is given its own letter symbol. The atomic number of an element determines how many protons are in one atom of the element.
• Atoms: the basic building blocks of all matter and are the smallest particle of an element that has the chemical identity of the chemical.
• Molecule: formed when two or more atoms combine chemically in definite proportions.
  • Elemental Molecules: consists of two or more atoms of different elements
  • Compound molecules: chemical combinations of two or more atoms of different elements.

Chemical and Physical properties of Matter

• Physical: characteristics that can be determined without a chemical reaction and do not require a chemical change. Examples: color, solubility, odor, density, weight, melting point/boiling, and hardness.
• Chemical: characteristics that can be determined by a chemical reaction and that cause change in the identity of the substance. Examples: iron changed to rust, and wood changed to ash when burned.

Oxidation: the addition of oxygen or the loss of hydrogen.

Reduction: loss of oxygen or addition of hydrogen

Redox: oxidizing agent is always reduced and the reducing agent is always oxidized.

Exothermic reactions: when chemical reactions release energy in the form of heat.

Endothermic reactions: a chemical reaction that requires the absorption of energy or heat from an external source in order for the reaction to actually occur.

Chemical compounds are a combination of two or more atoms of different elements united chemically with fixed chemical composition, definite proportions, and distinct properties.

Classification of chemical componds:

• Oxides: compounds of any element combined with oxygen
• Acids: compounds of hydrogen, a nonmetal such as nitrogen, and sometimes oxygen.
• Bases or alkalis: compounds of hydrogen, a metal, and oxygen.
• Salts: compounds that are formed by the reactions of acids and bases, with water also being produced by the reaction.

Solutions: a stable uniform mixture of two or mixable substances made by dissolving a solid, liquid, or gaseous substance in another substance.

Suspensions: formulations in which solid particles are distributed throughout a liquid medium.

Emulsions: mixtures of two or more immiscible substances united with the aid of a binder or emulsifier.

Surfactants: a substance that acts as a bridge to allow oil and water to mix or emilsify by reducing surface tension.