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Public Speaking: Topic, Research, and Speech Development

This guide will help speech students with tips and tricks on presenting speeches and projects to an audience.

Current Issues, viewpoints, & Public Opinion

ProCon.org 

This site presents contrasting views on controversial issues. Discussion of each topic is divided into two columns: pro and con. Evidence (data, reports, studies) is provided for each argument. Each section features a list of additional sources.

 

Public Agenda

A nonprofit, nonpartisan group providing facts on major issues in our country.

 

Pew Research Center U.S. Politics & Policy
The Pew Research Center for the People & the Press is an independent, non-partisan public opinion research organization that studies attitudes toward politics, the press and public policy issues.

Research Statistics

U.S. Census Bureau U.S. Census data reflects the demographic make-up of the U.S., with figures on family size and structure, income, health insurance coverage, and much, much more.

 

UNESCO Institute for Statistics Statistics from around the world on topics such as literacy, science, education, etc. From a branch of the United Nations.

 

World Bank: Statistics "Free and open access to data about development in countries around the globe." Mostly on economics & world resources (climate change impacts, growth indicators, etc.)

 

FedStats Compiles local, state, national, and international statistics collected by over 100 agencies. The data can be browsed by topic (A-Z) or by geography.

 

Bureau of Justice Statistics Collects and makes accessible information on crime, criminal offenders, victims of crime, law enforcement, prosecution, courts and sentencing, and the correctional system at the local, state, and federal levels of government. The data and reports are organized by topics.

EBooks from Galileo

Research and Topic Development

Topic, Research, and Speech Development

Choosing a Topic

Deciding on a topic can be one of the toughest parts of preparing for a speech. The first step to choosing a good topic is to determine what type of speech you will be delievering to your audience and the time limit for the speech. Select a topic that is appropriate to the audience and the occasion. Follow directions from your instructor on type, time limit, and how it is prepared.

The next thing to do is brainstorm. The goal of a brainstorming session is to let yourself quickly generate a large number of ideas, commonly in relation to a specific purpose.

Choose a topic that interest you and your audience

Know Your Audience

Prior to conducting research, writing, and delivering the speech, the speaker must understand their audience. When determining the audience the speaker must ask themselves the following questions:

  • Whom and how many is in the audience
  • How informed is the audience on the topic
  • Are they friendly or hostle (do they have different beliefs or perceptions on topic)

Understanding the audience helps the speaker know how much, how little, and what kind of information to present. Once you've defined your audience, you can gear your speech towards them.

Conduct Research

Research is very important when creating speeches especially if you are trying to inform or persuade the audience.

When conducting research remember to stick to the topic you have chosen, let it be your guide throughout the research process. Use key terms or words to limit and tailor your search results especially when using search sites such as google.

Remember to find sources that are credible and that provide reliable facts for a persuasive speech or informative speech.

When deteremine if a source is credible, use the acronym: C.R.A.P. 

  • Currency: Is the resource from an appropriate time? Is it current or outdated.

  • Reliability: Can you depend on the information and trust it to be accurate? Did the author use any evidence, and show their sources with citations and references, or list of sources? Can you verify the information through other sources?

  • Authority: Can you trust the source the information comes from?Who is the author, and what are their credentials? Who is the publisher or sponsor? What does the URL end with? (.gov, .org, .edu, .com?)

  • Purpose/Point of View: What is the author's motivation for publishing the resource?  Is the author trying to inform, persuade, sell to, or entertain you? Does the author seem objective or biased? Do they name any affiliations or conflicts of interest?

 

Utilize your library to help with the research process. Librarians can help you find databases, articles from Galileo, and other credible sources to assist with creating your speech. 

Writing & Preparing for the Speech

Writing the Speech

When writing a speech an audience expects two things from the speaker: A path and a destination. They want to know where you’re going and why. Its best to highlight your expectations or goals at the beginning of the speech. Have an attention-getter that catches the attention of your audience.

Make sure you have facts in your speech that are credible and supports your main idea or topic and that your words are clear, concise, and free of grammatical errors, bias, and misuse of vocabulary. Make sure the speech is organized and you have clear defined Ideas.

 

COMM 101: Fundamentals of Public Speaking 

Examples and guides to writing a speech from Ivytech community college library

 

Presenting the Speech

Appearance: Dress appropriately and Professionally for a public presentation. 

Sound / Noise: When recording your speech avoid places where background noise would distract the audience. Create a clear presentation space. Remove all unnecessary or distracting items from the speaking background. Be aware of what is around you as you present. 

Props & Visuals: When using additional items such as props and visuals, make sure they are relavent to the topic and have a professional quality. 

Voice: effectively use vocal expression and paralanguage to engage the audience. Speak in a natural, enthusiastic tone. Avoid filler words such as umm, uh, like. Make eye contact with the audience before you speak and speak clearly, fluently and confidently.

Practice

The best way to improve on your public speaking skills is to practice.  It is important to rehearse before a big presentation. When practicing, make sure to time yourself from start to finish, and read the entire speech several times. Practice giving your speech to others, record or videotape yourself giving the speech, and practice infront of a mirror. Look for improper posture, movements, eye contact, stuttering or to many usages of filler words, and try to improve in these areas. 

Topic Ideas

Topic Selection Helper

A list of general topics and popular themes.

 

Topics for Persuasive Speeches 

List of topics for speeches from Oxford University Press

 

3,000+ Speech Topics 

Free speech topics lists with more than 3,000 persuasive, informative and other speech ideas, speech writing tips, how to guides, tutorials and information on outlining your speech topic for public speaking.